Therapeutical Marijuana essays

Therapeutical Marijuana essays Your name The Use Of Marijuana Therapeutically Thesis: Studies show that there is sufficient evidence for the legalization of marijuana medically prescribed for terminally ill patients and people with chronic pain. I. Pharmacological effects of marijuana II. Therapeutic effects in clinical trials B. Relieves nausea and vomiting name 1 Historically marijuana or cannabis has been used as a medicine for thousands of years. Between 1840 and 1900, Europeans and American medical journals published more than 100 articles on its therapeutic uses. It has only been in the past 60 years that it has been illegal. In recent years the subject of legalizing marijuana for the use of medical purposes has been one of great controversy. Both opponents and proponents have strong convictions on the subject. According to Reuters Report, Richard N. Gottried, chair of New York State Assembly Committee on Health said, Medically approved use of marijuana can improve the well-being of thousands of New Yorkers with serious or life threatening medical conditions. In no way is marijuana a cure for any disease, and certainly has no beneficial long term effects. But it has proved to be more effective than conventional antinauseants according to Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Lester Grinspoon, M.D. The short-term effects are easier to identify. in cancer patients, due to chemotherapy, and in AIDS patients as a result of the disease itself, marijuana relieves the nausea, vomiting, and stimulates the appetite. It has also been recommended for treating anorexic for the same reasons. The adverse effects of long term use of marijuana should also be considered. ...

Tips for Repurposing the Content

Tips for Repurposing the Content What is repurposing content? You may not be sure about what repurposing content is, but basically, it is making use of your old content and changing it up so that it can be relevant to people that you want to target for the posts. This is a good thing because you do not have to make up a new content from scratch. You can be sure that you will make your new content modern and relevant to a new group of people. Here are just some of the benefits that you can get from repurposing your content: You can make your favorite topic the latest thing to read again. Let us say that you have written about something that you are extremely proud of, and it has already been forgotten because of the new posts that you have put up. When you tweak it a bit, it will be just like new and people will be interested in reading it again. You can maximize the effort that you have made into making the content. When you write about something, there is no doubt that you have made effort into doing it. By repurposing your content, you are maximizing the efforts that you can give out. You can target new people. There is a chance that you have already reached out to some people in the past, but you would like to reach out to a new target audience this time around. Remember that it can be easy as long as you know how to repurpose your content effectively. Now when you’ve already known the benefits that can be received from repurposing, here are some things you ought to remember in order to repurpose your content well: Choose content that is popular – The fact that it is popular means that there are a lot of people who are interested in reading about it all over again. If you repurpose this, there are better chances that your content will be read again. Repurpose the post into a guide – Nowadays people like searching for tips on how to do certain things. Making an old blog post into a guide will surely be a hit. Add videos or images – Most of us better perceive the information with visual reinforcement. We tend to understand content more when there are videos or images that are included in blog post that used to be just full of words. You can also make an Infographics to what you have written about. Create a presentatinon – Â  Make interesting grafics with statistics, add meaningful quates, seaarch for realeted pictures. Share slides with advices and interesting tips to a social networks or such sites like SlideShare. It can provide additional opportunities for engagement target audience. There are a lot of variants how to repurpose your content. The type of content will differ depending on where you are going to post it. The best way to find out how to repurpose content effectively is to experiment.

Herland by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Herland by Charlotte Perkins Gilman - Essay Example Namely, this new society isn’t simply one of females, but also has fundamentally changed the structure of culture and interaction (Pringle). This essay specifically analyzes the way that Gilman indicates gender identity is socially constructed as a means of seeking to change late Victorian society, and considers the reasons that Gilman seeks this social change. While a great amount of the novel makes overt criticisms of late Victorian gender identities, some of the most potent such criticisms are established in terms of indirect commentary. After the men reach their destination and hide their biplane they go exploring the area. It is not long before the women capture them. In these early scenes one recognizes the blurring of distinctions behind Victorian gender physicality. The women are described as agile and full of strength and it is this strength that allows them to ultimately capture the men. In these regards, it seems that Gilman’s purpose of shifting the traditio nal male role of dominator to the female functions as a means of framing the novel in this overarching discourse. As the text further progresses and the men find themselves incarcerated, Gilman uses the situation as a means of further criticizing patriarchal society. The men, expecting traditional patriarchal treatment while incarcerated note that, "Of course we looked for punishment - a closer imprisonment, solitary confinement maybe - but nothing of the kind happened. They treated us as truants only, and as if they quite understood our truancy" (Gilman, p. 42). This statement is significant as it demonstrates that despite the recognition that the women have control, they do not seek to impose undue punishment on the men, but instead merely acculturate them to this newfound society. Indeed, theorists have argued that it operates as a microcosm of the broader critique of patriarchal society (Hoeller). Within the broader spectrum of the gender argument, it seems to indicate that desp ite claims to the contrary women are just, if not more competent than men, in handling issues related to power or incarceration. As the novel progresses Gilman further explores the areas where late Victorian society has established socially established gender identities. Upon being released from the prison after their captivity the men further explore Herland. Upon their exploration they come to recognize that many of the preconceived gender stereotypes they held, no longer hold. They note, "We had expected jealousy, and found a broad sisterly affection, a fair-minded intelligence, to which we could produce no parallel. We had expected hysteria, and found a standard of health and vigor, a calmness of temper, to which the habit of profanity, for instance, was impossible to explain - we tried it" (Gilman, p. 81). Similar to the discoveries the men established during their captivity, here they come to recognize that many of their preconceptions regarding the female gender no longer hol d in Herland. For instance, rather than finding jealousy they find a ‘sisterly affection’ and rather than hysteria they find health and vigor. In both instances the late Victorian gender stereotypes are proved erroneous, as women aren’t simply jealous hysterics. It seems Gilman’s motivations in these regards are multiple. On one level she has sought to simply demonstrate how an all female society could functionally operate. Still, on a more fundamental level she has sou

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Literature review - Essay Example cribe the previous Presidential elections The stakes in the election have been raised by the use of these terms, but the changes that have resulted from these elections have not lived up to the importance given to the election, save for a few of the Presidential elections that go back quite a way in time. Examples of these lie in the first Presidential election in 1789 that made George Washington the President, as it set the pattern of the four year tenure of the President; the 1800 Presidential election, which saw for the first time power changing hands from one political party to the other; the 1864 Presidential election that returned Abraham Lincoln to continue the fight, and bring to an end the stalemate in the Civil War; and the 1932 Presidential election that brought Franklin D. Roosevelt to power and the manner in which he changed the scope and power of the federal government. Now this election is being acclaimed as the most important election in history. There is a definite c hange that it might bring and that is in the form of the first African-American President. Other changes are promised, but they have to be delivered and be momentous for it to rank among the important elections in the history of the U.S.A. Democratic presidential candidate Obama received a surprise endorsement from the respected Republican retired General and former Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, who at one time was touted as a possible first African American President. Critics of this endorsement in the Republican Party have charged that this endorsement of Powell stems from the Obama being an African American, while his opponent Republican presidential candidate is white; his resentment of the present Republican President George Bush and the opportunism of Powell, with Obama leading in the opinion polls. Powell defends his endorsement of Obama saying that it is a well thought out move after assessing the two candidates, the initiatives that they will take as President, the

Teenage Suicide in the Middle East Essay Example for Free

Teenage Suicide in the Middle East Essay Generally-speaking, from the data available, the teen suicide rate in the Middle East is tremendously low – lower in this region than anywhere in the entire world. Part of this, however, may be due to underreporting. Few nations in the Middle East have actually submitted data to WHO as far as suicide rates are concerned, and those that have are characterized by incredibly low rates. Egypt’s last report to WHO was in 1987: a 0.0 youth suicide rate (15 to 24 year olds), statistically-speaking, with only 3 total suicides (1 male, 2 females). Iran’s last report to WHO came in 1991: a 0.3 youth suicide rate with only 34 total deaths (25 males, 9 females). Jordan reported to WHO in 1979: a 0.0 youth suicide rate, zero total suicides for those between 15 and 24 years old for that entire year. Kuwait’s report is the most recent, as it came to WHO in 2001: a 0.6 youth suicide rate, with 2 total deaths (both males). It’s so intriguing compared to the rest of the globe. If the data that has been submitted is accurate and holds true across the region, it actually wouldn’t be that surprising. The Middle East is one of those difficult-to- decipher regions as far as East or West is concerned. As far as its leaders are concerned, it seems to prefer neither, or at least somewhere in between. Going back to Durkheim, this would be considered a moderate region. Its social integration and regulation are both moderate. Again, as Durkheim said, this would mean low suicide rates; the theory seems to be fit. However, what about the center the Middle East is becoming for radicalism in recent years? It has become a base for religious fundamentalism, led by terrorist organizations like Al Qaeda and Hamas. These groups use violence to get their points across and it is beginning to catch the eyes’ of the region’s young people. The terrorists know that teenagers are easiest to recruit – they don’t fully have their lives planned out and many of them become attracted to doing something for a greater cause. These teenagers have grown up learning about violence and how it can be glorified. They have been taught by radicals that being part of a suicide bombing is a noble deed that will gain them everlasting life and the adorned title of ‘martyr.’ The textbooks that children currently use in Afghanistan are filled with violence. The books are â€Å"lavishly illustrated with bombs, landmines, guns, and soldiers and filled with [†¦] jihad and other milita nt Islamic teachings† (Sluzki 3). How ironic it is that these books were given to Afghan schools from the United States, in an attempt to increase children’s interest in waging war against the Soviet Union. Now children read these books and become interested in fighting the United States after hearing the repeated call, often propaganda, from nearby terrorist groups. This is just one example of how â€Å"seeds of violence† as Sluzki put it are being instilled in children’s minds (Sluzki 3). For more instances of violence being portrayed to youth, one need not look further than Palestine. Journalist Kenneth Timmerman wrote a disturbing article about the Palestinian Authority under Yasser Arafat. It was producing music videos, meant to appeal to children and teens, that encouraged the young to become martyrs and kill Israelis. The videos were made out of popular music and aired continuously on television. In one video in particular, a young boy is shown on his way to commit a suicide bombing. He says his goodbyes and sings, â€Å"Mother, do not cry for me.† That very line has appeared in at least three actual suicide notes between May 2001 and December 2002 – those who wrote the notes were between the ages of 14 and 17. This makes it clear that the videos were having an effect on teens. The worst part about the videos is that they glorify the act, make it seem painless, and in every way make it positive, an achievement, a holy and honorable act for the Palestinian people. (Timmerman 35) Another article sheds further light on violence and children in Palestine. According to Eyad Serraj, a psychologist in Gaza, many older children and teenagers view martyrdom in a positive light. Serraj says â€Å"that a poll conducted in the summer of 2003 showed that 36% of 12-year-old boys questioned in Gaza said they believed sacrificing themselves for the Palestinian cause was the best thing they could do with their lives† (Blanche 24). Serraj is not surprised by the find: In their minds, the only model of power and glory is the martyr. Palestinian society glorifies the martyr. They are elevated to the level of saints. In the hopeless and inhuman environment in which they live there is the promise that they will have a better life in heaven †¦ There’s a very big pool of potential martyrs. They’re queuing up, and that happens because hope is diminishing. (Blanche 24) To be fair, not all Middle Easterners are in favor of this trend – using children and teenagers as suicide bombers. Even in Palestine, where the act is being most promoted, it is hearing stern criticism from some. An article elaborates on an incident in March 2004 in which a teen, who was about to commit a suicide bombing, was caught before the act. It has stirred a lot of concern and emotion in Palestine. The 16-year old surrendered at an Israeli checkpoint and was held briefly by Israeli forces. A day later, his mother Tamam Abdo issued a statement: â€Å"No one the age of my son should be used to commit such acts [†¦] Maybe if he was 20, perhaps I could understand. At that age, they know what they are doing.† She said he was nothing more than a misguided teenager. Following the incident, several other Palestinians were interviewed and voiced their anger about the young being used as suicide bombers. Mohammed Zeidal, a college student, said that â€Å"to use someone his age is very, very wrong.† Bassem Eid, head of the Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group, went on the record saying, â€Å"It is really shameful for the Palestinian reputation [†¦] to misuse our children and push them to their death.† This is not to say that all are opposed to such acts – as mentioned earlier, there is support for youth suicide bombings in Palestine –, but it should also be clear that there is some resistance to them as well. (â€Å"Teenagers in Suicide Bombings†) This information about terrorism and suicide bombings is not at all meant to overshadow the earlier data, but it is certainly pertinent in a discussion about teen suicide in the Middle East. Again, it must be reiterated that teen suicide rates are indeed among the lowest in the Middle East of any region in the world – at least according to the data that is available (it is scare for the region). The region serves as a living testament to Durkheim’s theory; it fully supports his belief that more moderately structured societies will have lower suicide rates. Teenage Suicide in East Asia Japan It is not uncommon for Americans to think of Japan as a whole different world. After all, it is on the other side of the globe. The similarities though are striking, thanks to the impact of the Western world. After much resistance, Japan finally opened its nation up for trade with the West in the 1850’s, falling to pressure from the United States. Ever since, Japan has adapted to Western life in many forms. It has seen that for it to compete on the global scale it has little choice but to make changes to its traditional way of life. In the 20th century, Japan blossomed with technological advances and finally put itself on the map. It took up competition with the United States and countries in Europe. This history may not seem relevant, but it is important to understanding the development of teenage suicide in Japan. Ever since being exposed to the West, Japan has felt extreme pressures from the outside world. These pressures have forced its people to fight in an ongoing struggle to be competitive. However, they have also done harm to its people. Japanese teenagers especially grow up being reminded of this need to be the best that they can. Sometimes it can be too much to bare. So why not suicide? Everything can end in one instant. The teen suicide rate in Japan has fluctuated considerably over the course of the last 35 years. According to WHO, the Japanese suicide rate in 1970 for 15 to 19 year olds was 7.8 per 100,000. By 1991, WHO reports that the suicide rate for the very same age group had been cut in half to just 3.8. A 1994 study by Zinn, et al, also alluded to a dropping rate, stating that â€Å"suicide is no longer an honorable act† in Japan (7-11). It adds that â€Å"teenagers (10-19 year olds) made up just over 2% of suicides† in Japan in 1992. However, the most recent reports point to Japan’s suicide rate being on the rise, and that includes teenagers. A BBC News article published in 1999 discounts Zinn’s earlier statement, explaining Japan’s increase in suicides in the mid-to-late 1990’s as a result of its â€Å"deeply ingrained culture that regards suicide as an honourable way to atone for failure and express remorse† (â€Å"World: Asia-Pacific Japan on suicide alert†). The article mentions that from 1997 to 1998 â€Å"junior high school student suicides increased by 40 to 102. At high schools, 220 students took their own lives in 1998, an increase of 51.† Japan’s most recent report to WHO in the year 2000 further supports an increase. The youth suicide rate was reported to have jumped to 11.5, higher than the United States rate of 10.2 for that year. While the most recent data encompasses 19-24 year olds in addition to those 15-19, the increase has been consistent with the rise in other industrialized nations. One particular article of interest, as to explicate possible motives for teen suicide, is â€Å"Bullied to Death in Japan† by Lauren Freedman. The article takes a look at the pressures of teenage boys growing up in Japan in the early to mid 1990’s (recent statistics make it probable that these pressures still hold true today). Bullying is the central focus, something that has become a huge problem in the nation, strikingly similar to what bullying has become in the United States. â€Å"Bullying is an old and widespread problem in Japan,† Freedman writes. Katsuyuki Ogawa, a psychologist in Tokyo, went so far as to say just about everyone will undergo the experience of being bullied. According to Freedman, and many Japanese experts who she refers to in her article, society is to blame. Professor Yaichi Wakai put it very bluntly: â€Å"Japan is a competitive society, and bullying is one distorted phenomenon of that severe competition.† (Freedman 25) Taking this into account and looking again at the history explained earlier, hearing that bullying occurs in Japan is not much of a surprise. The fact that it results in suicide isn’t that shocking either when everything is taken into consideration. So Japan, in fact, isn’t a whole different world. Many Japanese parents are forced to bury their teenagers just as in the United States. Although on the other side of the globe, Japanese instances of teen suicide actually mirror that of America in the ways discussed. China Hong Kong China is immensely different than nearby Japan. It isn’t considered a Western nation. Instead, it is deeply rooted in a tradition and history of its own, which of course has included thinkers like Confucius. It strives for excellence and works together as a people. It has continued along these lines into the new millennium and is widely known for its communist government. In such a place, where the individual isn’t strived for, but rather the collective whole, some may initially think suicide does not exist. But this thinking would be absurd. It is absolutely true that, based on the data available, teenage suicide doesn’t occur in rates as high in China as it does in Western nations, but teenage suicide in China does occur. One of the problems to investigating it is simple: it has not been well documented. The fact that it doesn’t appear to be a widespread problem may attribute to the lack of documentation. It seems that teen suicide in China is sporadic and the cases almost very isolated from each other. In China’s 1999 report to WHO, the nation reported a low 6.9 youth suicide rate – 5.4 for males and 8.6 for females. This comprised 1,541 total deaths in that year, 626 males and 915 females. This is the first occurrence of the female rate being higher, possibly suggesting that the high male rate may be associated with Western nations. The reason for the high female rate in China has not been explained, but it could be due to the fact that males are seen so much more important in Chinese socie ty. The â€Å"one-child† rule in China forces parents to give up their daughters, as they usually want sons. Perhaps, and it is only a theory, many of these girls grow up contemplating suicide and ultimately commit the act. If there was more data available, better sense could be made of these figures. In an article about Chinese suicide ideation, the lack of information is mentioned. â€Å"We could find only one study specifically assessing suicide ideation in a community sample of Chinese young people,† it said. That study, conducted in 1996 by men named Zhang and Jin, compared suicidal thoughts between college students in the United States and China. It found that the idea of suicide between cultures differed in many ways, with religiosity ending up the only definitive reason that both cultures would take suicide into consideration. (Stewart 227-240) This leads to the Hong Kong study, which was published in the article mentioned above. Interesting about Hong Kong is that it has been much more wrapped in Western culture than nearby China. After all, it had been ruled by the British for over a century. Once it began adopting Western ideals, teenage suicide occurred more frequently in Hong Kong. Again, the highest rates of suicide have long been associated with the Western way of life. However, as the study points out, it didn’t experience teen suicides rates quite as high as elsewhere. A probable reason for this is that it held onto at least some of its Asian roots, heavily based on Chinese culture. This makes Hong Kong quite a unique and interesting place when we look at suicide among teenagers. Here is a place that is being tugged by both Western culture and its traditional Eastern culture at the same time. Both influences have remained prevalent, at least to some extent. Even more interesting then – what if we took a look at teenagers in Hong Kong who were born in China, and had emigrated? This is precisely what the â€Å"Suicide Ideation† study addressed. The study took a look at 996 Chinese adolescents living in Hong Kong: 500 male and 496 female. They were asked to complete a survey in school and then conclusions were drawn. A significant difference from the majority of suicides in Western nations was uncovered. It was found that those who were considering suicide were doing so not because of reasons like peer pressure or the media. Instead, and overwhelmingly, the Chinese teenagers said they were doing it because of pressure from their parents. This remained consistent between both males and females too. (Stewart 227-240) Although there are many differences between Japan and China, similar to the former, China strives for excellence among its people. A major difference is Japan does it for the good of the individual where in China i t occurs for the good of society as a whole. Nevertheless, this work ethic, deeply rooted in East Asian tradition, is once again creating pressures. But instead of blaming specific, isolated individuals (as in bullying) for their suicidal thoughts, these Chinese students are pointing to the closest collective item they know and constantly come into contact with – their parents. Their parents, mother and father, are pressuring them to do the best they can for society. They hear it over and over from them. They are not attributing the suicidal thoughts to peers or pressures to be â€Å"cool† for instance, but instead to their elders who they are told to follow in every respect. The difference in their state of mind is significant. (Stewart 227-240) Still, as proven by this study, the thoughts do exist, even among Chinese teenagers – that thought of putting an end to one’s life. Perhaps because they have that support group, that collective society, and are not being singled out by others, is why their actual rates of suicide are low. The thoughts exist among Chinese teens, but it seems fewer actually go t hrough with the action.

CIA’s 50 Years of Corrupt Drug Trafficking :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

CIA’s 50 Years of Corrupt Drug Trafficking The CIA’s 50-year history of smuggling drugs into America is generating hatred for the United States throughout the world. Like Pontius Pilate, CIA washes their hands of the human tragedies and the corruption of government offices. They do this by remaining and by refusing to recognize the evidence, supporting corruption. For the past 50 years, the CIA has abused its power by deliberately drugging and corrupting America; and therefore should be prosecuted. According to the constitution, the people for the people originally created the government to be a group of elect â€Å"organizers† (not controllers) employed. One can say the CIA is a mutated part of the US government. The CIA was created when a Wall Street lawyer and banker wrote The National Security Act of 1947. Clark Clifford was the man who brought the CIA backed drug bank BCCI into the United States. CIA heroin trafficking moved in the 1960’s and 1970’s from the Turkey-Marseilles connection to the Asian connection. For decades until the 1950s, Asian government supported the opium trade, because money was flowing in as long as the opium was flowing out. By the early 1960s, the mountain areas of Southeast Asia produced most of the world's opium. In the early 1950’s in Southeast Asia, the CIA organized the Nationalist Chinese army to start a war against Communist China. This Chinese army became the opium distributors of the â€Å"Golden Triangle† (parts of Burma, Thailand and Laos). The â€Å"Golden Triangle† has the most abundance of opium and heroin in the world. In order to smuggle drugs, the CIA’s main airline, Air America, flew drugs all over Southeast Asia. (Robbins 154) From the early 1950’s to early 1970’s during U.S. military involvement in Laos, Indochina, opium and heroin were flown by â€Å"Air America† into many countries, including Vietnam. As a result of CIA’s drug smuggling, Southeast Asia became the source of 70% of the world’s opium and heroin. South Vietnam was completely corrupted by a heroin trade that came from Laos, thanks to the CIA. The Hmong culture in Laos provided 30,000 men for the CIA's secret Laotian army. But in the process, opium production took over Hmong culture. To support the Hmong economy, the CIA's â€Å"Air America† transported raw opium out of the Laotian hills to the labs. By mid-1971, Army medical officers estimated that fifteen percent of American GIs were addicted (Stich 142).

Zheng He or Christopher Columbus?

who was the greatest explorer Christopher Columbus or Zheng He? Tristan Stanchfield A great explorer in my mind requires being a visionary thats willing to pursue his goal despite the challenges faced, supported by high risk undertakings where the winnings are all or nothing, set on the uncertain future with a non back looking persona. That, and if the outcome is great is what my judging is based on. Zheng He, originally named Ma He, was born into a Muslim family just beyond the borders of China (later Yunnan Province in the southwestern part of China) in 1371.In 1402, after Emperor Cheng Zu of the Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, he dispatched Zheng He and Wang Jinghong to lead a giant fleet to the Western Sea (today's Southeast Asia), carrying members of soldiers and large quantity of goods. The fleet reached the countries of Southeast Asia, east Africa and Arabia, initiating a feat in the history of navigation and regarded as an unprecedented great historical period in Chinese hi story of trade and cultural exchanges. He led his fleet to voyage to the Western Sea for seven times.The number of ships of his fleet was from 40 to 63 each time, taking many soldiers and sailors on the voyage, with a total party over 27,000 people. and also took with him ships almost four-hundred feet long. Explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in the Republic of Genoa, Italy. His first voyage into the Atlantic Ocean in 1476 nearly cost him his life. (attacked by french privateers). In 1492, Columbus left Spain in the Santa Maria, with the Pinta and the Nina along side in search of a new trade route to Asia.Instead he sailed West and discovered America, and has been credited for the colonization of America also. in my opinion the greatest explorer was christopher columbus. this was because he was he founded America, and this took the high risk of sailing across the north atlantic ocean which he acomplished. Then he made several more voyages back and fourth fr om europe and America trading goods also at the same time creating colonies in the new world we live in today known as the United states of America. cites: iphone siri, http://www. biography. com/people/christopher-columbus-9254209, wikipedia. com.

Jack Ryan and Palisades Produce Essay

The workplace is littered with ethical dilemmas no matter where you work. For Pacific Trust the primary ethical issues that need attention are Jack Ryan’s negligent behavior toward his work with the Palisades Produce contract. His negligence caused him to be faced with lying to his superior or taking responsibility for his mistakes. The necessity for a course of action to help Jack comes partly from the underlying issue of Stephen Wood’s misconduct within the Middle-market Group. Jack Ryan had been closely working with Palisades Produce for over a year and in his excitement over finally landing them as a client, Jack did not closely read over the stipulations in the contract set forth by Gretchen Marks, Senior Banker in Risk Management. These stipulations were that Jack would obtain monthly Borrowing base reports from Palisades Produce. The Borrowing base reports show the bank how much collateral a company has to cover how much they are requesting to borrow from the bank. Without these reports, a bank could lend out money to companies that could not pay it back. Jack’s first step was to inform his boss, Stephen Wood, of the mistake he made. The response from Wood was for Jack to lie to Gretchen Marks by obtaining and submitting Borrowing base reports of the last four months at the current time as if Jack had always had them. This is clearly an unethical and unwise course of action for anyone to do. Since Jack has not seen the Borrowing base reports, he does not know if Palisades Produce has any flaws in their records or insufficient collateral. Such flaws would cause Pacific Trust to get into trouble by lending out money they could not get back. After leaving Wood’s office, Jack should have reported to Gretchen Marks to inform her about his mistake in not obtaining the Borrowing base reports. If Jack decides to follow the advice of Stephen Wood in order to maybe save his job, then he will most likely lose his job along with Stephen Wood. Covering up a mistake made in the business world can have dire consequences for any parties involved. The Borrowing base reports could be flawless; however, if there is an inconsistency at all with the reports, Gretchen Marks will inquire as to why Jack never brought such inconsistencies to her attention in the month they arose. This would immediately indicate that Jack had lied about when he obtained the Borrowing base reports, putting Pacific Trust and himself in a bad situation. Pacific Trust could not only fire but also sue Jack for his negligence if it did cause harm to the bank. In this case Palisades Produce would most likely leave Pacific Trust since Jack, the person responsible for courting the company, would no longer be with the bank. This course of action is definitely risky for Jack Ryan; he may lose his job either way. However, this is the only course of action likely to allow Jack to keep his job. Gretchen Marks could respect the honesty and responsibility of Jack and help him with the reports, allowing him to keep his job. The person partially responsible for Jacks ethically dilemma is Stephen Wood. Wood has been known to behave inappropriately in the workplace. Wood plays favorites and helps only those employees who do things his way. His use of derogatory language toward female employees on top of his temper issues should have been reported to a higher-up already. The attitude displayed by Wood shows that he is willing to make unethical decisions and having someone like this in your company is a liability. Jack does not have to reveal that Wood was going to help him with a cover-up, but Jack or one of the other subordinates of Wood should have filed a formal complaint on Stephen Wood’s behavior. Since Jack is a rising star within the company and Wood is highly regarded within the company, a complaint coming from Jack might carry more weight and consideration with the senior bank managers. This could sever the close relationship Jack has with Wood; however it would lead to a more effective and peaceful work environment. The reason Wood should be reported instead of being left alone is that since Wood was willing to do unethical things with Jack, he would probably attempt to do other unethical things if he has not already done so. These courses of action for the ethical dilemmas present in this case have the least negative impact. Jack taking responsibility will either hurt himself or hurt nothing at all if the Borrowing base reports are flawless. If they are not, Jack’s career and possibly Palisades Produce’s involvement with Pacific Trust will be damaged. Filing a report against Stephen Wood for workplace misconduct would allow all of the subordinates to work together in a more peaceful and effective environment because there would not be division amongst the employees based on loyalty.

Reading Key Essay Example

Reading Key Essay Example Reading Key Essay Reading Key Essay Know: Old World, New World Are the terms old world and new world biased? Old World : Europeans fleeing poverty religious persecution. New World: North America 1. What conditions existed in what is today the United States that made it fertile ground for a great nation? Abundant natural resources Prior inhabitance cultivation of the land by the Native Americans The Shaping of North America Know: Great Basin:Lake Bonneville covering most of Idaho Utah today-it drained into the Pacific- drained the west through the Snake River Columbia River system. Lake Bonneville’s beaches are visible 1,000 ft. up of the floor of the Great Basin. Salt Lake lost its outlet and evaporation caused it to become saline. Appalachian Mountains: Formed before continental separation. 350 million yrs. Ago. Tidewater Region: Caused by many river valleys. Slope upward to the Appalachians. Rocky Mountains: 135-25 million yrs. ago after continental separation. Great Lakes: weight of the ice caused depressions in the Canadian Shield.This scoured away the topsoil Missouri Mississippi-Ohio River System: Drained the level of the Great Lakes. 2. Speculate how at least one geographic feature affected the development of the United States. Select a geographic region, explain how the geographic feature affected the development of the United States in each of the following time periods: 1500-1763 1800-1900 1900-2008 The First Discoverers of America Know: Land Bridge: 35,000 yrs ago the oceans congealed causing the sea level to drop, and exposing the land brid ge between Siberia and Alaska. Nomad crossed the land bridge.About 10,000 years ago, as the Ice Age ended, sea levels began to rise and the land bridge was covered with water once again. 3. Before the arrival of Europeans, the settlement of the Americas was insignificant. Assess this statement. Insignificant infers that lower population levels were inferior to the larger population levels in other parts of the world. Also, new research suggests that the native populations of North America were actually much higher than previously thought. The Earliest Americans Know: Maize: corn- transformed groups into agricultural societies as it spread throughout the Americas.Aztecs: Nation-state in present day Mexico Incas: Nation-state in present-day Mexico Pueblo: maize reached the American southwest around 1200 bc. Rio Grande Valley established irrigation systems for their corn. Multistoried terraced buildings (pueblo means village in Spanish) Mound Builders: Chaokia: 40,000 in 1100 A. D. ar ound 1300 population began to decline. (Monk’s Mound) Creek, Choctoaw, Cherokee were among the highest populations. Three-sister Farming: corn, squash, beans. Beans grew up corn stalk and squash retained moisture in soil. Cherokee: Iroquois: Northeastern woodlands, democratic political system . Describe some of the common features of North American Indian culture. Agricultural- yet impermanent settlements. Did not attempt to dominate nature Use quotes from pages 9-10 in textbook. They were so thinly spread across the continent that vast areas were virtually untouched by a human presence. 4 million†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Indirect Discoverers of the New World Know: Vinland: From Scandanavia 1,000 AD, Newfoundland (covered in wild grapes- hence the name vinland) Crusaders: 1300’s crusaders seeking to free holy land from Muslim control. This gave Europe a taste for foreign goods i. e: ilk, spices, drugs, perfumes- ***sugarMerchants ought cheaper means for the transportation of goods. Venice: Italian trading city Genoa: Italian trading city Describe the impact of sugar and the development of Europe’s sweet tooth on the colonization of the Americas. 5. What caused Europeans to begin exploring? Europeans were in search of cheaper trade routes from the East to the West. Europeans Enter Africa Know: Marco Polo: 1295 AD he returned from China. Increased European desires for goods. Caravel: Before its invention Europeans would not sail around the coast of Africa. 1450 invented by Portuguese allowed them to sail more directly into the wind.Bartholomew Diaz: Rounded the tip of Africa in 1488 (Portuguese) Portugal had control of the African coast Vasco da Gama: Reached India in 1498 Ferdinand and Isabella: rid Spain of the infidels (the Moors) Wanted to rival Portugal for power. Moors: Muslims who fought the Christians in Spain 6. What were the results of the Portuguese explorations of Africa? Exposure to slave trade by Africans and Arabs led to their own es tablishment of slave trade networks Slaves used to work on sugar plantations. Set up gold trading posts on the west coast Columbus Comes upon a New World Know: Columbus: 1492 7.What developments set the stage for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history? Europeans desired cheaper products from foreign lands Africa was a cheap labor source Long-range navigation was possible Spain was rising in power as a nation-state Renaissance the spread of knowledge When Worlds Collide Know: Corn: Potatoes: Sugar: Columbus brought over seedl ings of sugar cane Horses: Smallpox: Hispaniola population dropped from 1 million to 200 in 50 years. 8. Explain the positive and negative effects of the Atlantic Exchange. Positive negative effects can be argues for almost everything: Cattle HorsesPigs Maize, mantioc, sweet potatoes to Africa The Spanish Conquistadors Know: Only a small minority were actually nobility. Most were professional soldiers sailors. The rest were peasants ans artisans. Treaty of Tordesillas: 1494 Treaty to discovery of Columbus dividing land b/t Spain and Portugal. Most of the land went to Spain, but Portugal got more land in Africa. Vasco Nunez Balboa: Spanish discoverer of Pacific Ocean of Pananma 1513 claimed washed by that sea. Ferdinand Magellan: Sailed around the world Juan Ponce de Leon: Sailed to FL Francisco Coronado: From Mexico east through AZ NM. He encountered the PueblosHernando de Soto: From the East crossed the Mississippi. Particularly brutal to Native Am. Francisco Pizarro: Destroyed the Incas in 1532. Encomienda: Basically enslavement of the natives in return for conversion to Christianity 9. Were the conquistadors great men? Explain. They were great at destroying the existence of native societies of the Americas Makers of America: The Spanish Conquistadors Know: Granada: Moorish stronghold in Spain (city) 1492 it fell to the Spanish after a 10 year siege. For 500 years the Christian kingdoms of Spain had been attempting to ri d the area of the North African Muslims Moors: North African Muslims Reconquista: Ended as a result of Moorish defeat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The religious zealotry intolerance of the Spanish was now focuses on the New World frontier. 10. Were the conquistadors motives successfully fulfilled? Explain. Their individual dreams of glory were not attained. Most had to give booty to their commanders and later the Spanish crown tightened control of the loot. The Conquest of Mexico Know: Hernan Cortez: Conquerer of the Aztecs Tenochtitlan: Aztec capital city Montezuma: Leader of the Aztecs Mestizos: mix race of Aztecs Spanish 11. Why was Cortez able to defeat the powerful Aztecs? Guns diseaseThe Spread of Spanish America Know: John Cabot: Giovanni da Verazano: Jacques Cartier: St. Augustine: New Mexico: Don Juan De Onate led Spansih into the Rio Grande Valley in 1598. In the Battle of Acoma, 1599, the Spanish severed the foot of each survivor. The called this area New Mexico and in 1609 founded its capital in Santa Fe. Popes Rebellion: 1680, the native Americans destroyed all Catholic Churches and killed preiests and Spanish settlers. The Indians built kivas ceremonial religious chamber on the ruins on the Spanish plaza at Santa Fe. Mission Indians: In CA, San Deigo†¦attempt of Spaniards to convert Indians.These Indians not only lost contact with native culture but were also very susceptible to disease. Black Legend: That Spanish had butchered the natives, stole their gold, and infected them with smallpox. The Spanish actually did a better job of incorporating native cultures into their own than the English did. 12. What is the Black Legend, and to what extent does our text agree with it? The textbook rejects this legend overall. I’m skeptical of the textbook’s treatment of this topic. CHAPTER 2: THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH COLONIES GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Englands Imperial Stirrings Know: Henry VIII:Queen Elizabeth: Catholic Ireland: 13. Why was England sl ow to establish New World colonies? Elizabeth Energizes England Know: Francis Drake: Sir Walter Raleigh: Virginia: Spanish Armada: 14. What steps from 1575-1600 brought England closer to colonizing the New World? England on the Eve of Empire Know: Enclosure Movement: Primogeniture: Joint-stock company: 15. Explain how conditions in England around 1600 made the country ripe to colonize North America. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling Know: Virginia Company: Jamestown: John Smith: Powhatan: Pocahontas: Starving Time: Lord De La Warr: 16.Give at least three reasons that so many of the Jamestown settlers died. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Know: Powhatans Confederacy: Anglo-Powhatan Wars: 17. What factors led to the poor relations between Europeans and Native Americans in Virginia? Virginia: Child of Tobacco Know: John Rolfe: Tobacco: House of Burgesses: 18. By 1620 Virginia had already developed many of the features that were important to it two centuries later. Explain. Maryla nd: Catholic Haven Know: Lord Baltimore: Indentured Servants: Act of Toleration: 19. In what ways was Maryland different than Virginia? The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland AmericaKnow: West Indies: Sugar: Barbados Slave Code: 20. What historical consequences resulted from the cultivation of sugar instead of tobacco in the British colonies in the West Indies? Colonizing the Carolinas Know: Oliver Cromwell: Charles II: Rice: 21. Why did Carolina become a place for aristocratic whites and many black slaves? The Emergence of North Carolina Know: Tuscarora: 22. North Carolina was called a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit. Explain. Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony Know: James Oglethorpe: 23. In what ways was Georgia unique among the Southern colonies?Makers of America: The Iroquois Know: The Iroquois Confederacy: Deganawidah: Hiawatha: Five Nations: Handsome Lake: 24. How did the political structure of the Iroquois prove to be strength and ultimately a weaknes s? The Plantation Colonies 25. Which Southern colony was the most different from the others? Explain. CHAPTER 3: SETTLING THE NORTHERN COLONIES GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism Know: John Calvin, Conversion Experience, Visible Saints, Church of England, Puritans, Separatists 26. How did John Calvins teachings result in some Englishmen wanting to leave England?The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth Know: Mayflower, Myles Standish, Mayflower Compact, Plymouth, William Bradford 27. Explain the factors that contributed to the success of the Plymouth colony. The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth Know: Puritans, Charles I, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Great Migration, John Winthrop 28. Why did the Puritans come to America? Building the Bay Colony Know: Freemen, Bible Commonwealth, John Cotton, Protestant Ethic 29. How democratic was the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Explain. Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth Know: Anne Hutchinson, Antinomianism, Roger Wi lliams 30.What happened to people whose religious beliefs differed from others in Massachusetts Bay Colony? The Rhode Island Sewer Know: Freedom of Religion 31. How was Rhode Island different than Massachusetts? Makers of America: The English 32. In what ways did the British North American colonies reflect their mother country? New England Spreads Out Know: Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders 33. Describe how Connecticut, Maine and New Hampshire were settled. Puritans versus Indians Know: Squanto, Massasoit, Pequot War, Praying Towns, Metacom, King Philips War 34. Why did hostilities arise between Puritans and Native Americans? What was the result?Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence Know: New England Confederation, Charles II 35. Assess the following statement, The British colonies were beginning to grow closer to each other by 1700. Andros Promotes the First American Revolution Know: Dominion of New England, Navigation Laws, Edmund Andros, Glorious Revolution, William and Mary, Salutary Neglect 36. How did events in England affect the New England colonies development? Old Netherlanders at New Netherlands Know: Dutch East India Company, Henry Hudson, New Amsterdam, Patroonships 37. Explain how settlement by the Dutch led to the type of city that New York is today.Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors Know: Wall Street, New Sweden, Peter Stuyvesant, Log Cabins 38. Vexations beset the Dutch company-colony from the beginning. Explain. Dutch Residues in New York Know: Duke of York 39. Do the Dutch have an important legacy in the United States? Explain. Penns Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania Know: Quakers, William Penn 40. What had William Penn and other Quakers experienced that would make them want a colony in America? Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors Know: East New Jersey, West New Jersey, Delaware 41. Why was Pennsylvania attractive to so many Europeans and Native Americans?The Middle Way in the Middle Colonies Know: Middle Colonies, Benjamin Fran klin 42. What do the authors mean when the say that the middle colonies were the most American? Varying Viewpoints: Europeanizing America or Americanizing Europe? 43. The picture of colonial America that is emerging from all this new scholarship is of a society unique- and diverse- from its inception. Explain CHAPTER 4: AMERICAN LIFE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Unhealthy Chesapeake 44. Life in the American wilderness was nasty, brutish, and short for the earliest Chesapeake settlers. Explain. The Tobacco EconomyKnow: Tobacco, Indentured Servants, Freedom Dues, Headright System 45. What conditions in Virginia made the colony right for the importation of indentured servants? Frustrated Freemen and Bacons Rebellion Know: William Berkeley, Nathaniel Bacon 46. Who is most to blame for Bacons rebellion, the upper class or the lower class? Explain. Colonial Slavery Know: Royal African Company, Middle Passage, Slave Codes, Chattel Slavery 47. Describe the slave trade. Africans in America Know: Gullah, Stono Rebellion 48. Describe slave culture and contributions. Makers of America: From African to African-American 49. And precisely because of the diversity of African peoples represented in America, the culture that emerged was a uniquely New World creation. Explain. Southern Society Know: Plantations, Yeoman Farmers 50. Describe southern culture in the colonial period, noting social classes. The New England Family Know: The Scarlet Letter 51. What was it like to be a woman in New England? Life in the New England Towns Know: Harvard, Town Meetings 52. Explain the significance of New England towns to the culture there. The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trial Know: Jeremiad, Conversions, Half-Way Covenant 3. What evidence shows that New England was becoming more diverse as the 17th century wore on? The New England Way of Life Know: Yankee Ingenuity 54. How did the environment shape the culture of New England? The Early Settlers Days and Ways Know: Leislers Rebellion 55. How much equality was evident in the colonies? CHAPTER 5: COLONIAL SOCIETY ON THE EVE OF REVOLUTION GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Conquest by the Cradle Know: Thirteen Original Colonies 56. What was the significance of the tremendous growth of population in Britains North American colonies? A Mingling of RacesKnow: Pennsylvania Dutch, Scots-Irish, Paxton Boys, Regulator Movement 57. What was the significance of large numbers of immigrants from places other than England? The Structure of Colonial Society Know: Social Mobility 58. Assess the degree of social mobility in the colonies. Makers of America: The Scots-Irish Know: The Session 59. How had the history of the Scots-Irish affected their characteristics? Clerics, Physicians, and Jurists Know: Smallpox, Diphtheria 60. Why has the relative prestige of the professions changed from colonial times to today? Workaday America Know: Triangular Trade, Naval Stores, Molasses Act 1. Describe some of the more important occupations in the colonies. Horsepower and Sailpower Know: Taverns 62. What was it like to travel in early America? Dominant Denominations Know: Established Church, Anglicans, Congregationalists, Presbyterians 63. How did the denominations in America affect relations with Great Britain? The Great Awakening Know: Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, Old Lights, New Lights, Baptists 64. How was the religion encompassed in the Great Awakening different from traditional religion? What was important about the difference? Schools and Colleges Know: Latin and Greek 5. What kind of education could a young person expect in colonial times? Culture in the Backwoods Know: John Trumbull, Charles Wilson Peale, Benjamin West, John Singleton Copley, Benjamin Franklin 66. Did Americans distinguish themselves in the arts during the colonial period? Explain. Pioneer Presses Know: John Peter Zenger 67. Why was the jury verdict in the Zenger case important? The Great Game of Politics Know: R oyal Colonies, Proprietary Colonies, Self-governing Colonies, Colonial Assemblies, Power of the Purse, Town Meetings, Property Qualifications 68. How democratic was colonial America?Colonial Folkways 69. What were the advantages and disadvantages of living in America during the colonial period? Colonial America: Communities of Conflict or Consensus? Know: Nashs Urban Crucible Theory 70. Were the colonies marked more by internal consensus or internal conflict? Explain. CHAPTER 6: THE DUEL FOR NORTH AMERICA GUIDED READING QUESTIONS France Finds a Foothold in Canada Know: Huguenots, Samuel de Champlain, New France 71. How was the colony of New France different from the British North American colonies? New France Fans Out Know: Beaver, Coureurs de Bois, Voyageurs, Robert de La Salle 72.What factors led to the French settlement of New France? The Clash of Empires Know: Treaty of Utrecht, War of Jenkinss Ear, James Oglethorpe, Louisbourg 73. Describe the early wars between France and Brit ain. George Washington Inaugurates War with France Know: Fort Duquesne, George Washington, Fort Necessity, Acadians 74. How did George Washington spark the French and Indian War? Global War and Colonial Disunity Know: Benjamin Franklin, Albany Plan of Union, Join or Die 75. What was meant by the statement, America was conquered in Germany? Braddocks Blundering and Its Aftermath Know: Edward Braddock 6. What setbacks did the British suffer in the early years of the French and Indian War? Pitts Palms of Victory Know: William Pitt, James Wolfe, Battle of Quebec 77. What was the significance of the British victory in the French and Indian War? Restless Colonials 78. How did the French and Indian War affect the relationship between the colonies and the mother country? Makers of America: The French Know: Louis XIV, The Great Displacement 79. What contributions to American culture were made by the French? Americans: A People of Destiny Know: Treaty of Paris, Pontiac, Daniel Boone, Proclama tion of 1763 80.How did French defeat lead to westward expansion and tension with Native Americans and the British? CHAPTER 7: THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Deep Roots of Revolution 81. Why does the author say that the American Revolution began when the first settlers stepped ashore? The Mercantile Theory Know: Mercantilism 82. Explain the economic theory of mercantilism and the role of colonies. Mercantilist Trammels on Trade Know: Navigation Laws, Royal Veto 83. How did Parliament enact the theory of mercantilism into policy? The Merits of Mercantilism Know: Salutary Neglect, John Hancock, Bounties 84.In what ways did the mercantilist theory benefit the colonies? The Menace of Mercantilism 85. What economic factors were involved in leading colonists to be displeased with the British government? The Stamp Tax Uproar Know: George Grenville, Sugar Act, Quartering Act of 1765, Stamp Act, Admiralty Courts, Virtual Representation 86. Why were the colonists so upset over relatively mild taxes and policies? Parliament Forced to Repeal the Stamp Act Know: Stamp Act Congress, Nonimportation Agreements, Homespun, Sons of Liberty, Declaratory Act 87. In what ways did colonists resist the Stamp Act? The Townshend Tea Tax and the Boston MassacreKnow: Townshend Acts, Indirect Tax, Boston Massacre, John Adams 88. How did the Townshend Acts lead to more difficulties? The Seditious Committees of Correspondence Know: George III, Lord North, Samuel Adams, Committees of Correspondence 89. How did Committees of Correspondence work? Tea Parties at Boston and Elsewhere Know: British East India Company, Boston Tea Party 90. What was the cause of the Boston Tea Party, and what was its significance? Parliament Passes the Intolerable Acts Know: Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act of 1774, Quebec Act 91.What was so intolerable about the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts? The Continental Congress and Bloodshed Know: First Continental Congress, Declaration of Rights, The Association, Tar and Feathers, Minute Men, Lexington and Concord 92. What was the goal of the First Continental Congress? Imperial Strength and Weakness Know: Hessians, Tories 93. What were British strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war? American Pluses and Minuses Know: George Washington, Ben Franklin, Marquis de Lafayette, Continentals 94. What were the American strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war? A Thin Line of HeroesKnow: Valley Forge, Baron von Steuben, Continental Army 95. What role was played by African-Americans in the Revolution? Whose Revolution? 96. Which of the four interpretations of the Revolution seems most true to you? Which seems least true? Explain. CHAPTER 8: AMERICA SECEDES FROM THE EMPIRE GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Congress Drafts George Washington Know: Second Continental Congress, George Washington 97. Why was George Washington chosen as general of the American army? Bunker Hill an d Hessian Hirelings Know: Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold, Fort Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Redcoats, Olive Branch Petition, Hessians 98.How and why did George III slam the door on all hope of reconciliation? The Abortive Conquest of Canada Know: Richard Montgomery 99. Did the fighting go well for Americans before July of 1776? Explain. Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense 100. Why was Common Sense important? Paine and the Idea of Republicanism Know: Republic, Natural Aristocracy 101. Why did Paine want a democratic republic? Jeffersons Explanation of Independence Know: Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, Natural Rights 102. What does the Declaration of Independence say? Patriots and Loyalists Know: Patrick Henry 03. What kinds of people were Loyalists? Makers of America: The Loyalists 104. What happened to Loyalists after the war? The Loyalist Exodus 105. What happened to Loyalists during the war? General Washington at Bay Know: William Howe, Trenton, Princet on, 106. What were some of the flaws of General William Howe? Burgoynes Blundering Invasion Know: John Burgoyne, Benedict Arnold, Saratoga, Horatio Gates 107. Why did the Americans win the battle of Saratoga? Why was it significant? Strange French Bedfellows 108. Why did the French help America win independence? The Colonial War Becomes a World WarKnow: Armed Neutrality 109. Why was foreign aid so important to the American cause? Blow and Counterblow Know: Nathaniel Greene, Charles Cornwallis 110. Would an American Patriot, reading news of the war in 1780, have been happy about the way the war was going? Explain. The Land Frontier and Sea Frontier Know: Iroquois Confederacy, Fort Stanwix, George Rogers Clarke, John Paul Jones, Privateers 111. Was frontier fighting important in the outcome of the war? Yorktown and the Final Curtain Know: Charles Cornwallis, Yorktown 112. If the war did not end at Yorktown, then why was it important?Peace at Paris Know: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, Treaty of Paris 113. What did America gain and what did it concede in the Treaty of Paris? A New Nation Legitimized Know: Whigs 114. Did Americans get favorable terms in the Treaty of Paris? Explain. DOCUMENT BASED QUESTION: EXAMINE THE DOCUMENTS ATTACHED FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS ON PAGE 11. WRITE A 5 PARAGRAPH ESSAY: Paragraph 1= Give your introduction and thesis statement Paragraph 2-3-4= Supportive evidence using documents and outside knowledge based on your text and other sources Paragraph 5= Conclusion

7 Tips for Writing for Online Readers

7 Tips for Writing for Online Readers 7 Tips for Writing for Online Readers 7 Tips for Writing for Online Readers By Mark Nichol For some people, if a topic interests them, they are quite content to immerse themselves in extensive online articles that are otherwise indistinguishable from print content. Most Web site visitors, however, have a different set of expectations when they read on a computer screen. Nearly every medium has its own rules; here are seven tips to help you write for an online audience, whether you have your own site or blog or whether you submit content to other people’s sites. 1. Write for scanners, not for readers. Before you buy a book, you probably read the jacket copy synopsis, testimonials, the author’s biography. When you pick up a magazine or a newspaper, you quickly peruse the headlines. The same principle applies online: Provide points of entry for scanners headlines, subheadings, bullet lists, captions. Write clear, concise sentences. Keep paragraphs and other blocks of copy short and tight. Most important, keep in mind that visitors may never click over from scanning to reading, so pack as much information as you can into the points of entry. 2. Know your audience. Do you want your readers to geek out about some high tech topic? Do you hope they’ll come back to your site because you rate products effectively and they know they can count on you? Should they leave your site knowing what’s happening in the world today? Is your goal to get them to bookmark your site because you busted their guts with your witty prose? Shape your content accordingly not just how it reads but also how it appears. 3. Design your content. Provide visual clues about organization, intent, and content: Make subheadings smaller than headlines. In a heading for a pros-and-cons list, color â€Å"Pros† green and â€Å"Cons† red. On a site about target shooting, replace the dots in a bullet list with images of real bullets, or, on a gardening site, swap little flowers in place of the dots. But don’t push it your subliminal messaging should be â€Å"See how useful/entertaining this site is?† not â€Å"See how clever I am?† 4. Think like a journalist. One of the principles of journalistic writing is presenting information in an inverted pyramid of vital to trivial, with who, what, when, where, and why (otherwise known as the 5 Ws) right up top. Tell readers what you want them to know, now, and save the background information and the additional details for later. 5. Translate print content. When you upload copy already published on paper, repurpose it for the Internet: Offer points of entry, tighten and divide complex sentences, break up long paragraphs, and cut extraneous content. 6. Be witty sparingly. As much as it hurts a fan of punning and alliteration to write this, leave your sense of humor at the door (then sneak it in later). Straightforward headlines make it onto search engines’ search returns and draw readers in; chucklesome wordplay doesn’t. Save the wacky stuff for after they’ve committed to remaining on your site. 7. Link. Link. Link. When building an argument or providing an example, instead of extensively repeating what has already been published online, insert a link to the source. Don’t fear losing visitors; you’ve followed the rest of my advice, so they’ll come back. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative Conflict"Certified" and "Certificated"5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation

Three Ways That Create Value for a Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three Ways That Create Value for a Firm - Essay Example It is not merely identifying a product but as Durkin (1997) states innovative firms make investments in knowledge to develop new products which give them a monopoly in the international market. The second contention is on the resource-based theory (RBT) of the firm where rare and valuable resources give it a sustainable competitive advantage (Peteraf & Wernerfelt cited by Bowman & Ambrosini, 2000) while the third approach states that firms should be able to seize opportunities faster than other firms and gain value. The first approach pertains to product and industry innovation while the third concentrates on strategy innovation. The knowledge development in the first approach again would imply investments in resources – technical or human. Hence, all three approaches are not independent of each other although each has its own distinctive features. The positional approach is also based on Porter’s theory of five competitive forces which determine the firm’s profitability and attractiveness (Porter, 1985). The journal does not specify whether the industry and value of such firms relate to competitiveness in their own nation or the nation where products have been marketed. Pharmaceutical industries operate globally and hence this aspect is not clear whereas Porter insists that competitiveness and productivity pertain to national productivity, which should enhance the value of the firm in the nation in which it operates (Davies & Ellis, 2000). Resources can be defined as anything that gives advantage or disadvantage to the firm. (Mills et al, 2003). The support theory of Johnson et al (2005) divides the resources as threshold resources and unique resources, where threshold resource satisfies customer’s minimum requirements and unique resources contribute to competitive advantage and make it difficult for the competitor to copy the value. A successful business needs to secure the resources according to Scott et al (2005) which the journal specifies

Cyber Security Policy Initiatives Research Paper

Cyber Security Policy Initiatives - Research Paper Example Consumers feel safe and secure when knowing that their communication channel is private and in case there is even a slight possibility of it being penetrated, how easily and quickly can it be accessed by attackers. Furthermore, they can demand to know if their identities are kept confidential in records and reports, that is to say, whether any information that could reveal who they are has been omitted. This is a logical approach by any concerned entity and should be demanded without any hesitation. Additionally, they should also be aware whether it is possible for outsiders to find messages from persons or groups by using simple internet searches. If someone finds out that their information that was supposedly given to a certain organization under the pretense of it staying confidential ends up online somewhere, that will be a big blow and can tarnish that company’s confidentiality reputation for good. All information that is given out to the trusted sources must be handled w ith extreme care and utmost alertness at all times so that no person is left unsatisfied and can feel safe giving out his/her confidential information (Powner, 2010).Integrity demands that information provided by companies should be authentic and complete. Since the general public gets involved in dealings with them, companies cannot face the impacts of scandals or shame. Once reputations are blemished in the cyber world, companies have rarely been known to completely come back from them and stand on former grounds.