Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1 Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality growth Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and veritable and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and posterior by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and twentieth centuries, has been a signifi supportt influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of kind illness and a general understanding of the resurrectment and functioning of the homosexual psyche1.Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several interlacing branches with a variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets can be recognised as follows 1. )Human personalizedity is determined by, apart from transmittable characteristics, babyhood environment, experiences and memories. 2. )The Human musical theme is divided into three parts(not physically) Conscious, P re-conscious and Subconscious.The conscious mind is where we put things which we atomic number 18 currently attentive to, the pre-conscious mind is is where we put things we are aware about but which are not the subject of our precaution and finally the subconscious mind is where we have little control or mavin about the processes or emotions, i. e. , is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, egotism and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates approximately solely on the pleasure-principal and is the source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individualist is born.Ego develops during infancy and operates on the reality principle, it is aware of the constraints and limitations of the real world. The Super egotism refers to how we perceive ourselves and our incorrupt and ethical values. In this model the function of Ego is to balance the Id and Super Ego within the c onstraints and limitations of the real world. 4. )Human impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence that we are not in control of our deportment and drives. The of import human drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to loan subconscious drives into the conscious mind meets psychological resistance, i. e. , when certain emotions are repressed and forced to remain in the subconscious primarily because of their incompatibility with the value systems and moral standards applicable to the self as perceived by the Super Ego. This is through with(p) through defence mechanisms. Psychoanalysis and Childhood breeding Psyschoanalytical hypothesis has been an prestigious concept for explaining the instruction of an individuals personality.The two major theories regarding this subject are Freuds psychosexual victimization system and Eriksons Psychosocial Development theory. It is worth noting that b oth these thoeries lend immense significance to childhood environment and it can be said that psychoanalytical approaches led to childhood world regarded as existence of much great psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkisons Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freuds psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individuals lifetime.Eriksons theory defines the the term Ego Identity which may be explained as the individuals perception and knowingness of self developed through social interaction across his or her lifespan. Each correspond in this theory is characterised by a affair or challenge which arises through differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual moldiness resolve to grow into a better personality. However the resolution of meshing is not necessary for the individual to move towards the next st term.The eight grades of Eriksons theory are outlined below a. )First St bestride Starting from throw and long-wearing for one year, this stage involves the passage of arms among Trust and Mis blaspheme, with the infant being completely dependent, the competence and consistency of his caregivers would determine whether his out side towards the world is that of trust or mistrust. b. )Second power point Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the strife between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop push abilities and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these former(a) attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and self-confidence in the childs personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may freeze the positive effects of this process a nd instil a sense of self-doubt and shame in the child. . )Third Stage Seen in children of age three to six, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Initiative and Guilt. At this age children chop-chop acquire new skills and knowledge, they are learning principles of mechanical causality, lingual and well-formed abilities, performing complex tasks which grant increased self-sufficiency and control condition of the world. At this age the childs motivation for action is that of achievement, he aims to solve a innovation with the tasks he ndertakes, made resolution of this stage leads to a sense of chess opening and leadership, although undertaking tasks which are too complex or not manageable positive results may induce frustration and anger. However, if parents discredit or neutralize this newfound motivation of the child he develops a sense of sin regarding his feelings and urges for acquiring involved in various actions and tasks. d. )Fourth Stage Occuring fro m age five to twelve, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children experience familiar with and learn about technology and crafts and become motivated to contribute to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and exitingness to do it right. Successful resolution of this stage leads to the inoculation of expeditious qualities however failure to achieve a sense of productiveness and mastery leads to feelings of inferiority. e. )Fifth Stage Spanning from thirteen to nineteen years of age, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Identity and Role Confusion.During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage C everyplaceing two-year-old adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.During this stage people begin exploring personal relationship and the successful resolution of this stage requires the individual form close, committed relationships and leads to a sense of security. Successful resolution at this stage requires are strong senses of indentify developed in the previous one, people who fail at this stage develop a sense of isolation and loneliness. g. )Seventh Stage Covering middle age from 25 to 64 years, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Generatively and Stagnation.The main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next times this stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Sta ge The final exploitational stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair. If the individual is able to look at the life he has led and feel accomplished thusly he feels a sense of integrity, however failure to do so leads to a sense of despair.Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Unlike Eriksons theory, Psychosexual Development postulates adult personality being determined only from genetic endowment or past childhood experiences and memories. Freud outlined the stages of personality development during childhood, being characterised by certain erogenous zones and their attendant conflicts the positive resolution of which leads to a healthy personality whereas fixation at a particular stage, i. e. , getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to negative personality traits, as follows a. Oral Stage The first stage of development lasting from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world with their to the high est degree sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b. )Anal Stage This stage stars from age to and lasts unto age three, at this age children learn control over elimination of bodily waste. Toilet fostering becomes an important factor as proper training from parents lead to children turn confident and productive whereas too lenient or too uncouth training leads to a disorganised and obsessive personality respectively. . )Phallic Stage long-wearing from three to six years of age, successful resolution of this stage leads to internalization of morality whereas fixation leads to an aggressive, vain and dominating sexuality in the future. d. )Latency Stage Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage closing developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.References 1. ) Slater, Charles L. (2003), Generativity versus stagnation An elaboration of Eriksons adult stage of human development, journal of Adult Development 2. ) Erikson, Erik (1956). The problem of ego identity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4 56121. 3. ) Marcia, James E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and neighborly Psychology 3 551558.